Spatial data refers to any data that is associated with a specific location or geographic coordinates. It includes information about the physical features, boundaries, and attributes of objects or phenomena on Earth's surface. Spatial data can be represented in various formats, such as points, lines, polygons, or raster grids.
Geographic Information Systems (GIS) are tools and technologies used to capture, store, analyze, and visualize spatial data. GIS allows for the manipulation, integration, and interpretation of spatial data to gain insights, make informed decisions, and solve problems related to geography, planning, environmental management, and many other fields. It combines spatial data with attribute data (non-spatial information) to create a comprehensive understanding of the geographic context.